Fig. 1

Patient selection. Abbreviations; BCR, biochemical recurrence; CSS, cancer-specific survival; EBRT, external-beam radiotherapy; NCCN, National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines (2019, version 4); NHT, neoadjuvant hormonal therapy; OS, overall survival; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; SEED-BT, seed brachytherapy; RP, radical prostatectomy