Fig. 3

Quantitative comparison of six methods in three groups of experiments. In the first row, the first image is the dose distribution of a representative clinical plan for lung cancer cases, used as Ground truth. The other images are the predicted model results of the six methods. The second row shows the absolute differences between each method’s clinical and predicted plans. The last row shows the DVHs of the clinical and predicted plans in each method, adding the beam encoding information containing the results of target areas and OARs