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Table 2 Group means, i.e., systematic error (M), standard deviation of the systematic error (Σ), and standard deviation of the random error (σ) for the directional and azimuthal shifts, as well as the magnitude of the 3D vector as categorized by modality and setup technique. Also highlighted are the group means and standard deviations for the number of CT or kV-pairs (image-guided radiotherapy; IGRT) acquired during the setup process for each patient, e.g., 1 CBCT + 2 kV-pairs = 3 IGRT (note that data is averaged across multiple fractions, hence the existence of decimal numbers). Also included are the group means and standard deviations for the initial and final registration times. The initial registration time represents the time point immediately following mixed-reality (MixR) or 3-point alignment, and the final registration time represents a time point at the conclusion of any further imaging needed to precisely align the patient for treatment

From: First-in-human trial using mixed-reality visualization for patient setup during breast or chest wall radiotherapy

Modality

Approach

 

Initial Shift (cm/deg)

    
   

Lt/Rt

 

Ant/Post

 

Sup/Inf

 

3D Vector

 

M

Σ

σ

 

M

Σ

σ

 

M

Σ

σ

 

M

Σ

σ

Proton (n = 10)

3-point

 

-0.06

0.44

0.98

 

-0.07

0.28

0.53

 

-0.10

0.30

0.62

 

0.96

0.31

0.70

MixR

 

-0.49

0.47

0.80

 

-0.18

0.55

0.89

 

-0.44

0.33

0.63

 

1.18

0.42

0.88

Photon (n = 8)

3-point

 

-0.37

0.83

0.43

 

-0.21

0.38

0.58

 

0.10

0.62

0.65

 

1.18

0.65

0.51

MixR

 

-0.07

0.32

0.57

 

0.16

0.55

0.75

 

0.11

0.41

0.35

 

1.00

0.20

0.56

   

Rotation

 

Pitch

 

Roll

  
   

M

Σ

σ

 

M

Σ

σ

 

M

Σ

σ

    

Proton (n = 10)

3-point

 

0.26

0.22

0.83

 

0.06

0.37

0.75

 

0.01

0.57

0.88

    

MixR

 

-0.09

0.53

0.79

 

0.15

0.34

0.33

 

-0.17

0.42

0.66

    

Photon (n = 8)

3-point

 

0.06

1.45

1.52

 

0.12

0.81

0.75

 

-0.15

0.97

0.93

    

MixR

 

-0.25

1.61

1.29

 

0.25

0.52

0.62

 

-0.36

1.21

1.16

    
    

Registration Time (min)

  

IGRT (#)

    
   

Initial

 

Overall

    
   

M

Σ

σ

 

M

Σ

σ

 

M

Σ

σ

    

Proton (n = 10)

3-point

 

3.05

0.71

0.86

 

13.79

1.26

3.25

 

3.16

0.52

0.94

    

MixR

 

4.11

1.16

1.56

 

15.7

1.77

2.62

 

3.60

0.95

0.93

    

Photon (n = 8)

3-point

 

3.34

1.04

0.99

 

8.80

2.38

3.28

 

1.10

0.21

0.50

    

MixR

 

4.36

1.71

2.19

 

10.54

2.52

3.05

 

1.11

0.16

0.40