Fig. 4

Risk-of-bias assessment for collated outcomes and per reported outcome. According to the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool version 2, for A Collated outcomes, B Overall survival, C Toxicity, D PFS, E Local control, F HRQoL, G Systemic therapy-free survival, and H Distant PFS. High risk of bias was considered due to the following: bias due to deviations from intended intervention—In STOMP and STOP, a part of the CG received the intervention treatment. In CORE, completion of SOC differed between the IG and CG; bias due to missing outcome data—In ARTO and EXTEND, HRQoL assessments were only available for a part of the participants, at 3 months in ARTO and at baseline in EXTEND; and bias due to measurement of the outcome—In EXTEND, HRQoL assessments were optional for participants and willingness to respond may have differed between the arms. CG control group, D domain, HRQoL health-related quality of life, IG intervention group, PFS progression-free survival, SOC standard of care